What Causes Kidney Failure?
Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. This can happen suddenly (acute kidney failure) or over time (chronic kidney disease leading to kidney failure). Following are some of the most common causes of kidney failure.
1. Diabetes
Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure. High blood sugar damages the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to filter waste. Over time, this leads to diabetic nephropathy, which can progress to kidney failure if not managed properly.
2. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
High blood pressure is the second most common cause of kidney failure. Uncontrolled high blood pressure puts strain on the kidneys, causing damage to the blood vessels and reducing their ability to function. This can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and eventually kidney failure.
3. Glomerulonephritis
This condition causes inflammation in the kidney’s filtering units (glomeruli). It can develop suddenly or over time, leading to progressive kidney damage and failure if untreated.
4. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
PKD is a genetic disorder that causes cysts to form in the kidneys. As the cysts grow, they can interfere with kidney function, eventually leading to kidney failure.
5. Autoimmune Diseases
Conditions like lupus and IgA nephropathy can cause the immune system to attack the kidneys, leading to inflammation and damage that may result in kidney failure.
6. Obstructions and Infections
Kidney stones, tumors, or an enlarged prostate can block urine flow, causing pressure buildup and kidney damage. Chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs) can also contribute to kidney disease over time.
7. Drug and Toxin Exposure
Long-term use of certain medications, including NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen), some antibiotics, and illegal drugs, can harm the kidneys. Exposure to heavy metals and toxins can also lead to kidney failure.
8. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
A sudden loss of kidney function can result from severe infections, dehydration, major surgery, or shock. While AKI is sometimes reversible, severe cases can lead to permanent kidney damage. If you have kidney disease, managing blood sugar, blood pressure, and overall health is crucial. Lifestyle changes, medications, and medical guidance can slow progression and delay kidney failure. For those in kidney failure, treatment options include dialysis or a kidney transplant. If you have kidney disease or are at risk of kidney failure, talk to your doctor about your options to protect your kidney health.